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Ancient Engineering Wonders That Still Challenge Our Imagination

THE CRA PERSPECTIVE Ancient Engineering Wonders That Still Challenge Our Imagination From underground cities and precision-cut stone to monumental temples and sophisticated water systems, the ancient world was far more technologically capable than we sometimes imagine. Some of humanity's greatest engineering achievements were built long before modern machines, computers and industrial technology. Across continents, ancient civilizations transformed stone, mountains, water and landscapes into extraordinary structures. Their achievements reveal not only physical strength, but also planning, mathematics, craftsmanship, environmental awareness and generations of accumulated knowledge. These monuments invite us to ask an intriguing question: How did ancient societies accomplish eng...
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Hepatitis Testing Day : "Test. Treat. Eliminate.

 

Every year on May 19, health organizations worldwide observe Hepatitis Testing Day, a CDC and WHO-led initiative to raise awareness about viral hepatitis screening and prevention. The 2025 theme, "Test. Treat. Eliminate.", emphasizes the urgent need to scale up testing and treatment to achieve the WHO's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.

Why Hepatitis Testing Matters in 2025

1. The Silent Epidemic

  • 325 million people live with hepatitis B or C globally (WHO)

  • 90% of hepatitis B cases and 80% of hepatitis C cases are undiagnosed

  • 1.1 million deaths/year occur due to complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer

2. Testing Breakthroughs

  • Rapid tests now provide results in 15 minutes

  • Home testing kits for hepatitis C have increased screening by 40% in high-risk groups

  • AI-assisted diagnosis helps identify at-risk patients through electronic health records

3. Treatment Advances

  • Hepatitis C is now 95% curable with 8-12 weeks of pills

  • New hepatitis B therapies in clinical trials show promise for functional cure by 2026

2025 Theme: "Test. Treat. Eliminate."

Key Focus Areas

✔ High-Risk Populations

  • People who inject drugs

  • Migrants from endemic regions

  • Baby boomers (born 1945-1965)

✔ Innovative Testing Models

  • Pharmacy-based screening

  • Mobile testing vans

  • Prison testing programs

✔ Linkage to Care

  • Same-day treatment initiation pilots in 15 countries

  • Patient navigators to reduce drop-offs

Barriers to Elimination

1. Stigma and Awareness

  • 60% of Americans don't know hepatitis C is curable (CDC survey)

  • Testing rates 50% lower in marginalized communities

2. Treatment Access

  • Generic hepatitis C drugs cost 50∗∗inEgyptbut∗∗20,000 in some countries

  • Only 20% of diagnosed patients receive treatment in low-income nations

3. Prevention Gaps

  • Birth dose vaccination for hepatitis B still missing in 30% of African nations

  • Needle exchange programs face political opposition in many regions

How to Participate in 2025

For Individuals

  • Get tested (Find free testing at [hep.org])

  • Share your story (#HepTestingDay)

  • Demand price transparency from drug manufacturers

For Healthcare Providers

  • Implement routine opt-out testing in primary care

  • Train staff on stigma-free counseling

For Policymakers

  • Fund national elimination programs

  • Remove prescription restrictions on hepatitis C treatments

Success Stories

  • Egypt: Treated 4 million hepatitis C patients since 2014

  • Iceland: First country to eliminate hepatitis C (2023)

  • Alabama Medicaid: Removed treatment restrictions, curing 5,000+ patients

Call to Action

"This May 19:

  1. Get tested if you're at risk

  2. Educate others about hepatitis

  3. Advocate for equitable access to treatment"

Together, we can eliminate viral hepatitis in our lifetime."

 "The elimination of viral hepatitis is not a dream - it's a practical goal we can achieve by 2030 if we scale up testing and treatment now."


— Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General

 

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