Madeira: A Comprehensive Guide for American and British Travelers Madeira is a volcanic Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic, about 400 km north of the Canary Islands. Its two main inhabited islands – Madeira (the rugged, mountainous main island) and Porto Santo (a flatter island with sandy beaches) – enjoy a subtropical, Mediterranean climate (average ~19°C) with mild winters and warm summers. The archipelago is famous for its dramatic scenery: laurel (laurisilva) cloud forests (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) cover parts of Madeira, while peaks like Pico Ruivo (1,862 m) offer panoramic views. By contrast, Porto Santo’s dry, semi‑arid climate produces the island’s long golden beach (nearly 9 km of sand). Madeira’s lush vegetation and year-round springlike weather make it a popular four‑season destination for nature lovers and holiday‑makers alike. History Madeira’s recorded history began in the early 15th century. Portuguese explorers led by João Gonçalves Zarco first sighted Po...