Cotton :- Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and between 6000 BC and 5000 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization. Although cult...

  Introduction   The Taj Mahal, one of the most iconic monuments in the world, stands as a breathtaking testament to love, art, and Mughal architecture. Located in Agra, India, this UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts millions of visitors every year who come to marvel at its stunning white marble façade, intricate carvings, and enchanting history. A Monument of Love Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj Mahal is often called the "Crown of Palaces." Construction began in 1632 and took over 20 years to complete, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The emperor’s deep love for Mumtaz is immortalized in this architectural masterpiece, making it a symbol of eternal romance. Architectural Marvel The Taj Mahal is a stunning example of Mughal architecture, blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles. Key features include: White Marble Dome – The central dome is one of the most recognizable elements, surrounded by...

Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city was founded in 1569 by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, and served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1571 to 1585, when it was abandoned. After his military victories over Chittor and Ranthambore, Akbar decided to shift his capital from Agra to a new location 23 miles (37 km) west south-west, to honour the Sufi saint Salim Chishti. Here, he commenced the construction of a planned walled city, which took the next fifteen years in planning and construction, with a series of royal palaces, harem, courts, a mosque, private quarters and other utility buildings. He named the city Fatehabad, with Fateh, a word of Arabic origin in Persian, meaning "victorious." It was later called Fatehpur Sikri. It is at Fatehpur Sikri that the legends of Akbar and his famed courtiers, the nine jewels or Navaratnas, were born. Fatehpur Sikri is one of the best preserved examples of Mughal architecture in India. Ac...

Adalaj Stepwell or Rudabai Stepwell is a stepwell located in the village of Adalaj, close to Ahmedabad city and in Gandhinagar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was built in 1498 by Rana Veer Singh of the Vaghela dynasty of Dandai Desh. It is an example of Indian architecture work.The step well or 'Vav', as it is called in Gujarati, is intricately carved and is five stories deep. Such step wells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of Gujarat, as they provided water for drinking, washing and bathing. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals. Stepwells, also called stepped ponds, built between the 5th and 19th centuries, are common in Western India; over 120 such wells are reported in the semi-arid region of Gujarat alone, of which the well at Adalaj is one of the most popular. Stepwells are also found in more arid regions of the subcontinent, extending into Pakistan, to collect rain water during seasonal monsoons. While many ...

From intricate woven nests to towering termite cities, nature is full of astonishing architects. These creatures don’t need blueprints or tools—just instinct, skill, and a little creativity. Here are five of the most impressive animal builders: 1. The Baya Weaver: The Bird That Weaves Hanging Nests Found across India and Southeast Asia, the  baya weaver  is famous for its  pendant-shaped nests , intricately woven from grass and leaves. These nests hang from thorny trees or palm fronds, often near water to deter predators. Colonies of these nests create a stunning sight, swaying in the breeze like nature’s own hanging gardens. 2. The Harvest Mouse: The Tiny Rodent That Builds on Stilts Weighing just  8 grams , the  harvest mouse  is a master of miniature construction. It weaves  spherical nests  from grass blades, perched high on corn stalks or reeds—sometimes a meter above the ground! These elevated homes keep the mice safe from predators whi...